LANGUAGE DEBATE IN KAZAKHSTAN REFLECTS RUSSIAN-KAZAKH TENSIONS
By Alima Bissenova (4/7/2004 issue of the CACI Analyst)
BACKGROUND: While benefiting from the positive consequences of soviet rule in terms of industrialization, universal literacy, public education, and medical care, Kazakhs also suffered the downside of the Soviet regime. As a nation, they paid a great human and cultural cost for ‘socialism building’ and ‘progress’ of the Soviet era. During the forced collectivization and sedentarization of the 1920 and 1930s, almost half of the Kazakh population died of starvation.THE PERILS OF FIGHTING TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN’S TRIBAL AREAS
By Rahimullah Yusufzai (4/7/2004 issue of the CACI Analyst)
BACKGROUND: South Waziristan, the largest of the seven tribal agencies in FATA in terms of area, has always been difficult to govern. It is also one of the biggest in terms of population and has, therefore, been given two seats in the country\'s National Assembly compared to one for most of the other tribal regions. Maulana Abdul Malik and Maulana Merajuddin, the two parliamentarians from South Waziristan, are clergymen and are affiliated with the pro-Taliban religious alliance, MMA.THE WANA OPERATION: PAKISTAN CONFRONTS ISLAMIC MILITANTS IN WAZIRISTAN
By Rizwan Zeb (3/24/2004 issue of the CACI Analyst)
BACKGROUND: Since September 11, 2001 and the American attacks on Afghanistan, many have claimed that South Waziristan, right across the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, is a readily available hideout for Al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. Pakistan, being a frontline state in this ongoing war against terrorism and a major U.S.THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION MOVES INTO FIRST GEAR
By Robert M. Cutler (3/24/2004 issue of the CACI Analyst)
BACKGROUND: In 1996 a group of countries called the Shanghai five organized together for the purpose of delimiting and demilitarizing the international borders of the former Soviet territory with China, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan. Agreements about how to proceed with the task were reached in 1997, and the actual work has continued since then. In 1998, the five countries established annual summits and began to shift their focus to “anti-terrorism”, a codeword they used before September 2001 to signify the containment of domestic insurgencies.Visit also
Staff Publications
Silk Road Paper S. Frederick Starr, Greater Central Asia as A Component of U.S. Global Strategy, October 2024.
Analysis Laura Linderman, "Rising Stakes in Tbilisi as Elections Approach," Civil Georgia, September 7, 2024.
Analysis Mamuka Tsereteli, "U.S. Black Sea Strategy: The Georgian Connection", CEPA, February 9, 2024.
Silk Road Paper Svante E. Cornell, ed., Türkiye's Return to Central Asia and the Caucasus, July 2024.
Book Svante E. Cornell, ed., "The Changing Geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus" AFPC Press/Armin LEar, 2023.
Silk Road Paper Svante E. Cornell and S. Frederick Starr, Stepping up to the “Agency Challenge”: Central Asian Diplomacy in a Time of Troubles, July 2023.
Silk Road Paper S. Frederick Starr, U.S. Policy in Central Asia through Central Asian Eyes, May 2023.